{ "item_title" : "Defects of Properties in Mathematics", "item_author" : [" Adrian I. Ban", "Sorin G. Gal "], "item_description" : "This book introduces a method of research which can be used in various fields of mathematics. It examines, in a systematic way, the quantitative characterizations of the deviation from a (given) property, called the defect of a property, in: set theory; topology; measure theory; real, complex and functional analysis; algebra; geometry; number theory; fuzzy mathematics.Besides well-known defects, the book introduces and studies new ones, such as: measures of noncompactness for fuzzy sets; fuzzy and intuitionistic entropies; the defect of (sub, super)additivity; complementarity; monotonicity for set functions; the defect of convexity; monotonicity; differentiability for real functions; the defect of equality for inequalities; the defect of orthogonality for sets and defects of properties for linear operators in normed spaces; defects of properties (commutativity, associativity, etc.) for binary operations; defects of orthogonality and parallelness in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries; defects of integer, perfect, prime and amicable numbers; the defect of tautology in fuzzy logic.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers4.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/9/81/024/924/9810249241_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "135.00", "online_price" : "135.00", "our_price" : "135.00", "club_price" : "135.00", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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