{ "item_title" : "Mutual Aid", "item_author" : [" Peter Kropotkin "], "item_description" : "2017 Reprint of 1919 Edition. Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 work by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. Kropotkin explores the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or mutual aid) in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centered theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism, presenting a scientific basis for communism alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers1.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/1/68/422/070/168422070X_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "6.90", "online_price" : "6.90", "our_price" : "6.90", "club_price" : "6.90", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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