{ "item_title" : "The Complete Amphibian Handbook", "item_author" : [" Caleb Lucas "], "item_description" : "Amphibians are often grouped together because they shareimportant biological characteristics, but that does not mean theycan all be cared for in the same way. A tree frog, axolotl, firebellied toad, tiger salamander, and caecilian may all belong to the amphibianworld, yet their habitats, behavior, feeding patterns, handling tolerance, andenvironmental requirements can be dramatically different.This is one of the most important lessons for any amphibian keeper: learn the animal before designing the care routine. Understanding basic amphibian biology makes practical care easier. Whenyou know why an animal depends heavily on moisture, why clean watermatters, why rough handling can be harmful, or why a burrowing speciesmay rarely be visible, husbandry decisions become more logical.The goal of this chapter is not to turn you into a biologist. Instead, itgives you the knowledge needed to recognize major amphibian groups, understand their basic biological features, identify their lifestyle, andtranslate those differences into appropriate everyday care.16Chapter 2 - Understanding Amphibians and Their Unique NeedsFrogs, Toads, Newts, Salamanders, Axolotls, and CaeciliansExplainedAmphibians include several major groups, and each has a different bodydesign and lifestyle.Frogs and Toads Frogs and toads are often recognized by their powerful hind legs, jumpingability, and varied use of land and water. However, the distinction betweenfrog and toad is not a simple scientific dividing line. Different specieshave adapted to different environments.Some frogs spend much of their lives in trees. Others live among leaf litter, near ponds, in burrows, or around wetlands. Some are strongly associatedwith water.Before choosing a frog, determine how it lives naturally.A terrestrial frog needs usable floor space, hiding places, and suitablemoisture conditions. An arboreal frog needs vertical space and secureclimbing surfaces. An aquatic frog requires an appropriately maintainedaquatic environment.Toads frequently have more terrestrial lifestyles, but individual species stilldiffer substantially. Never assume that a species can tolerate dry conditionssimply because it is called a toad.For practical care, begin with four questions: 1. Where does this species normally spend its time?2. How does it obtain water?3. What does it eat?4. What environmental conditions allow it to behave normally?These answers should determine the enclosure rather than the other wayaround.17THE COMPLETE AMPHIBIAN HANDBOOKNewts and Salamanders Newts and salamanders are closely related amphibians with long bodiesand tails. Some are primarily terrestrial, some aquatic, and others movebetween land and water during different stages of their lives.Their body shape can make them appear easy to handle, but appearancecan be misleading. Their skin is delicate and highly important to theirphysiology.Housing should therefore prioritize appropriate moisture, temperature, shelter, cleanliness, and security.A terrestrial salamander may spend much of its time beneath cover orinside substrate. An aquatic newt may spend most of its time swimming, resting underwater, or exploring aquatic structures.Instead of judging the animal's welfare by how frequently you see it, learnits normal activity pattern.Axolotls Axolotls are aquatic salamanders that retain juvenile characteristics intoadulthood. Their external gills are one of their most recognizable features.Their aquatic lifestyle means that water quality and environmentalstability are central to their care.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers1.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/9/79/816/102/9798161028872_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "17.00", "online_price" : "17.00", "our_price" : "17.00", "club_price" : "17.00", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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