{ "item_title" : "Complex Engineered Systems", "item_author" : [" Dan Braha", "Ali A. Minai", "Yaneer Bar-Yam "], "item_description" : "Recent advances in science and technology have led to a rapid increasein the complexity of most engineered systems. In many notable cases, this change has been a qualitative one rather than merely one of magnitude.A new class of Complex Engineered Systems (CES) has emerged as a resultof technologies such as the Internet, GPS, wireless networking, micro-robotics, MEMS, fiber-optics and nanotechnology. These complex engineered systems are composed of many heterogeneous subsystems and are characterized by observable complex behaviors that emerge as a result of nonlinear spatio-temporal interactions among the subsystems at several levels of organization and abstraction. Examples of such systems include the World-Wide Web, air and ground traffic networks, distributed manufacturing environments, and globally distributed supply networks, as well as new paradigms such as self-organizing sensor networks, self-configuring robots, swarms of autonomous aircraft, smart materials and structures, and self-organizing computers. Understanding, designing, building and controlling such complex systems is going to be a central challenge for engineers in the coming decades.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers4.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/3/54/032/831/3540328319_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "109.99", "online_price" : "109.99", "our_price" : "109.99", "club_price" : "109.99", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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