{ "item_title" : "Defending the Capital of the Republic", "item_author" : [" 李惟一 "], "item_description" : "The French Revolution was not a synonym for chaos; on the contrary, it was precisely within this disorder that the contours of modern political order gradually emerged. 法国大革命并非混乱的同义词，相反，正是在无序之中，现代政治秩序的轮廓逐渐显现。 This book focuses on the establishment of the public security system in Paris after the Thermidorian Reaction, revealing the process of restoring order and recentralizing state power in the later stages of the revolution. Unlike previous studies that often emphasized the ascendant phase of the revolution, the author shifts the perspective to the Directory period, spanning from the Thermidorian Reaction to the Coup of 18 Brumaire, examining the formation and evolution of Paris's public security system during this phase. By the end of the Ancien R gime, Paris's public security system was characterized by a multitude of fragmented units and decentralized command structures. Its collapse was marked by the storming of the Bastille in 1789. In the early stages of the revolution, the National Guard took over public security based on the principle of popular self-governance but soon lost control due to the influx of sans-culottes. After the Prairial Uprising of 1795, the Thermidorians promoted the professionalization of public security by establishing police legions and a general staff within the regular army. During the Vend miaire Uprising later that year, Napoleon Bonaparte employed military means to suppress royalist riots, solidifying a multi-branch public security framework. Subsequently, the regular army gradually replaced the National Guard as the main force in maintaining public order, playing a decisive role in the Coup of 18 Fructidor in 1797. Thereafter, the military strengthened its control over the capital, leading to the further militarization of Parisian security. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte leveraged this militarized public security system to execute the Coup of 18 Brumaire, thereby bringing the revolution to an end. Through a systematic study of the public security institutions in Paris during the Directory period, this book uncovers the revolutionaries' efforts to restore order amidst chaos and rebuild centralized authority. It offers a fresh perspective for understanding the full scope of the French Revolution and the formation of modern political order. 本书聚焦热月政变后的巴黎治安体系建设，揭示革命后期秩序恢复与国家权力再集中的过程。与以往研究多关注革命上升期不同，作者将视角转向热月政变至雾月政变之间的督政府时期，考察这一阶段巴黎治安体系的形成与演变。 旧制度末期巴黎治安体系兵种繁杂、指挥分散，1789年巴士底狱被攻陷标志其瓦解。大革命初期，国民卫队以民众自治原则接管治安，却因无套裤汉的大量加入而失控。1795年牧月起义后，热月党人推动治安职业化，建立警察军团与正规军参谋部；同年葡月事件中，拿破仑-波拿巴以军事手段镇压王党暴动，确立了多兵种结合的治安体系，此后，正规军逐步取代国民卫队成为治安主力，在1797年果月政变中发挥关键作用，在此之后军队加强了对首都的控制，巴黎治安进一步军事化。1799年，拿破仑-波拿巴借助这一军事化治安体系发动雾月政变，由此终结大革命。 本书通过对督政府时期巴黎治安制度的系统研究，揭示了革命者在混乱中恢复秩序、重建中央集权的努力，为理解法国大革命的全貌及现代政治秩序的形成提供了新的视角。", "item_img_path" : "https://covers1.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/7/54/732/815/7547328156_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "22.99", "online_price" : "22.99", "our_price" : "22.99", "club_price" : "22.99", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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