{ "item_title" : "Enlightenment, Secularization and Democracy in Turkey during 21st Century", "item_author" : [" Akram Zaheer", "Shafqat Jabeen "], "item_description" : "Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, course: PhD, language: English, abstract: Turkey is described as a model of Enlightenment, secularization and democracy for the Muslim societies but it is also noticed and visible by the opposition of confusion between secularism and democracy in Turkey. It is rightly observed that the army, regarded by all as the guardian of Kemalism, does not seem to hesitate regarding taking any step in defending democratic process even there is a victory of religious parties during 21 century. Although enlightenment and secularization are still relying on non-democratic forces but military is not interfering into political affairs directly or indirectly. This study perceives enlightenment and secularization against Islamic resistance to progress in Turkey, during 21st century.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers1.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/3/66/829/370/3668293708_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "22.50", "online_price" : "22.50", "our_price" : "22.50", "club_price" : "22.50", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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