{ "item_title" : "The First Surgeons", "item_author" : [" Umer Hamid Wani", "Saiyad Shah Alam", "Firdous Ah Najar "], "item_description" : "The First Surgeons: The Evolution of Operative Skill and Instrumentation in Early Medicineis a richly woven tapestry of surgical history that traces the evolution of operative care across ancient civilizations. From the anatomical rigor of the Edwin Smith Papyrus and the surgical brilliance of Sushruta to the empirical precision of Al-Zahrawi and Ibn Sina, the book highlights the global mosaic of early medical ingenuity. It explores pioneering techniques such as pedicle grafts, ligatures, and anesthetic sponges, while showcasing the remarkable diversity and craftsmanship of surgical tools fashioned from bronze, steel, ivory, and more. Central to its narrative is the cross-cultural transmission of knowledge-how translations and intellectual exchanges across Egypt, India, the Islamic world, and Europe forged a shared legacy of healing. By spotlighting forgotten innovators and the ethical codes that guided them, First Surgeons celebrates the enduring spirit of surgical inquiry and the operative techniques & instrumentations that shaped its earliest chapters.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers2.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/9/79/889/984/9798899843761_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "16.00", "online_price" : "16.00", "our_price" : "16.00", "club_price" : "16.00", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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