{ "item_title" : "The History of the Popes, From the Close of the Middle Ages", "item_author" : [" Ludwig Pastor", "Ralph Francis Kerr "], "item_description" : "The History of the Popes, From the Close of the Middle Ages - Volume XIV offers a meticulous and scholarly examination of the Roman Papacy during a pivotal era of religious and political transformation. This volume focuses specifically on the brief reign of Marcellus II in 1555 and the subsequent, more extensive pontificate of Paul IV from 1555 to 1559.Drawing on exhaustive archival research, Ludwig Pastor provides an in-depth look at the internal mechanics of the Catholic Church during the height of the Counter-Reformation. Readers will find a detailed account of Paul IV's rigorous reform efforts, his intense involvement with the Roman Inquisition, and the shifting alliances between the Holy See and the great European powers of the time. The narrative explores how these leaders navigated the challenges of the mid-sixteenth century, addressing both spiritual mandates and complex temporal conflicts.As a cornerstone of ecclesiastical historiography, this work captures the cultural and religious evolution of Europe following the Middle Ages. It remains an essential resource for historians, theologians, and anyone interested in the definitive history of the Catholic Church and its impact on Western civilization.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you may see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers2.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/1/02/572/198/1025721985_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "30.95", "online_price" : "30.95", "our_price" : "30.95", "club_price" : "30.95", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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