{ "item_title" : "Systems of Formal Logic", "item_author" : [" L. H. Hackstaff "], "item_description" : "The present work constitutes an effort to approach the subject of symbol- ic logic at the elementary to intermediate level in a novel way. The book is a study of a number of systems, their methods, their rela- tions, their differences. In pursuit of this goal, a chapter explaining basic concepts of modern logic together with the truth-table techniques of definition and proof is first set out. In Chapter 2 a kind of ur-Iogic is built up and deductions are made on the basis of its axioms and rules. This axiom system, resembling a propositional system of Hilbert and Ber- nays, is called P +, since it is a positive logic, i. e., a logic devoid of nega- tion. This system serves as a basis upon which a variety of further sys- tems are constructed, including, among others, a full classical proposi- tional calculus, an intuitionistic system, a minimum propositional calcu- lus, a system equivalent to that of F. B. Fitch (Chapters 3 and 6). These are developed as axiomatic systems. By means of adding independent axioms to the basic system P +, the notions of independence both for primitive functors and for axiom sets are discussed, the axiom sets for a number of such systems, e. g., Frege's propositional calculus, being shown to be non-independent. Equivalence and non-equivalence of systems are discussed in the same context. The deduction theorem is proved in Chapter 3 for all the axiomatic propositional calculi in the book.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers4.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/9/40/103/549/9401035490_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "54.99", "online_price" : "54.99", "our_price" : "54.99", "club_price" : "54.99", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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