{ "item_title" : "Technology Transfer", "item_author" : [" U. S. Government Accountability Office ( "], "item_description" : "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the effectiveness of royalty-sharing programs established under the Technology Transfer Act, focusing on: (1) federal scientists' interest in reporting inventions before and after the act's passage; and (2) the extent to which agencies' program implementation supports royalty-sharing incentives. GAO found that: (1) royalty-sharing programs at federal laboratories had little impact on scientists' interest in patenting inventions; (2) 14 of 21 agencies showed no improvement in the rate of patenting after the act's passage; (3) the small licensing rate increase provided no incentive to scientists to patent inventions; (4) most inventors received an average of $1,000 in shared royalties; (5) many scientists preferred peer recognition to monetary rewards; and (6) many scientists chose federal employment because it offered more freedom, creativity, and longer time frames for research than private-sector employment. GAO also found that: (1) agencies typically used formulas that gave inventors a small percentage of royalties; (2) many scientists did not know of the royalty-sharing programs, and believed that conflict-of-interest policies would hamper collaboration with industry; (3) many agencies did not capitalize on their inventors' successes to publicize their royalty-sharing programs; (4) agencies did not have adequate systems to ensure that inventors timely received royalty payments; (5) some agencies used the laboratory-share of royalties to pay administrative costs, rather than enhance laboratory research or personnel development; and (6) patenting delayed publication of research results, which was important to scientists' professional recognition.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers2.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/1/28/728/993/1287289932_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "20.75", "online_price" : "20.75", "our_price" : "20.75", "club_price" : "20.75", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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