{ "item_title" : "Railroad Regulation", "item_author" : [" U. S. Government Accountability Office ( "], "item_description" : "In response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC) implementation of Staggers Rail Act provisions relating to joint rate and reciprocal switching cancellations, focusing on: (1) ICC criteria for the suspension or investigation of cancellations; (2) the effects of cancellations on selected railroads and shippers; and (3) the ability of railroads and shippers to use antitrust laws to protest cancellations. GAO noted that: (1) under a reciprocal switching agreement, two railroads interchange cars originating or terminating on their track for an agreed-upon charge; and (2) joint rates simplify dealings between railroads and shippers, since one rate applies to goods that move over more than one railroad. GAO found that: (1) in considering cancellation suspensions, ICC requires a protester to show that it has a substantial likelihood of winning its case, it would suffer substantial injury without the suspension, and the act's refund provision would not protect it; (2) most railroads indicated that retaliation for another railroad's cancellations was an important reason for cancellations; (3) most protesting railroads lost revenue as a result of cancellations; (4) shippers indicated that cancellations resulted in higher costs and poorer rail services; and (5) regulations limit the availability of current antitrust laws to provide shippers and railroads with relief from cancellations.", "item_img_path" : "https://covers1.booksamillion.com/covers/bam/1/28/913/057/1289130574_b.jpg", "price_data" : { "retail_price" : "17.75", "online_price" : "17.75", "our_price" : "17.75", "club_price" : "17.75", "savings_pct" : "0", "savings_amt" : "0.00", "club_savings_pct" : "0", "club_savings_amt" : "0.00", "discount_pct" : "10", "store_price" : "" } }

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